HIRISE Sees Phobos in Color and Stereo
The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, run from The University of Arizona, has produced a new color stereo view of Phobos, the larger and inner of Mars' two tiny moons.
The HiRISE camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter took two images of Phobos 10 minutes apart on March 23. Scientists combined the images for a stereo view.
"Phobos is of great interest because it may be rich in water ice and carbon-rich materials," professor Alfred McEwen of the UA's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, and HiRISE principal investigator, said.
Previous spacecraft, notably Mars Global Surveyor, have taken higher resolution pictures of Phobos because they flew closer to it, HiRISE team member Nathan Bridges of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in Pasadena, Calif., said.
"But the HiRISE images are higher quality, making the new data some of the best ever for Phobos," Bridges said. "The new images will help constrain the origin and evolution of this moon."
By combining information from the HiRISE camera's blue-green, red and near-infrared color channels, scientists confirmed that material around the rim of Phobos' largest surface feature, Stickney crater, appears bluer than the rest of Phobos. The impact that excavated 9-kilometer, or 5-and-a-half mile, Stickney is thought to have almost shattered the moon.
If Phobos' surface is analogous with surface of our own moon, "the bluer color could mean that the regolith is fresher, or hasn't been exposed to space as long as the rest of Phobos' surface has," Bridges said.
The HiRISE view also shows landslides along the walls of Stickney and other large craters, Phobos' striking surface grooves and crater chains, and craters hidden on the moon's dark side illuminated by "Marsshine."
"Marsshine" is sunlight reflected by Mars onto the moon. The phenomenon is analogous to "Earthshine," where Earth reflects sunlight that illuminates the dark side of our moon. Like Earth's moon, Mars' moons Phobos and Deimos are "tidally locked" on their planet – that is, they always present the same side to the planet they orbit.
The HiRISE images are among several new HiRISE images being released today on the HiRISE Web site. The images include an anaglyph, or 3-D view of Phobos that can be viewed with red-blue glasses.
MRO flies at about 7,800 mph between 155 and 196 miles, or between 250 and 316 kilometers, above the surface of Mars.
Phobos was 6,800 kilometers, or about 4,200 miles, away when the HiRISE camera took the first photograph. At that distance, the HiRISE camera was able to resolve surface features at a scale of 6.8 meters, or about 22 feet, per pixel, and see features as small as 20 meters, or 65 feet, across.
Phobos was 5,800 kilometers, or about 3,600 miles, away when the HiRISE camera took the second picture minutes later. At that distance, the HiRISE camera was able to resolve features about 15 meters, or 50 feet, across.
Phobos, only about 13 and a half miles, or 22 kilometers, in diameter, has less than one-thousandth the gravity of Earth. That's not enough gravity to pull the moon into a sphere, so it's oblong. Mars' second moon, Deimos, is even smaller, at about 7 and a half miles, or 12 kilometers, across. The very dark, diminutive moons may be captured asteroids from the outer, carbon-rich, Mars-Jupiter asteroid belt.
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, or CRISM, observed both Martian moons last year. By combining HiRISE and CRISM data on Phobos, scientists can map minerals and soil types on the moons.
The mission is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology, for the NASA Science Mission Directorate. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, based in Denver, is the prime contractor and built the spacecraft. Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., of Boulder, Colo., built the HiRISE camera.
This is part of the color image of the first HiRISE image, at a distance of about 6800 km. It was made by combining data from HiRISE's blue/green, red, and near-infrared channels. The color data accentuate details not apparent in the black and white images. For example, materials near the rim of Stickney appear bluer than the rest of Phobos. Based on analogy with materials on our own moon, this could mean this surface is fresher, and therefore younger, than other parts of Phobos.
This is a color image of the first HiRISE image, at a distance of about 6800 km. It was made by combining data from HiRISE's blue/green, red, and near-infrared channels.
