Black Hole Experts - Sagittarius A*
The black hole at the center of our galaxy. The hidden monster in our own backyard spotted at last.
Bringing it Home
In 2019, the international Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration introduced the first-ever images of a black hole, called M87*, located at the center of the distant Messier 87 galaxy. After years of anticipation, on May 12, 2022, EHT presented the first image of the black hole located at the center of our own Milky Way galaxy, called Sagittarius A*. Scientists had previously suggested the presence of a black hole at this location, as they had observed stars orbiting around something invisible, compact and very massive. But not until this image was captured did scientists have the first direct visual evidence of the black hole's existence.
The University of Arizona is heavily involved in the EHT collaboration and has led efforts to make these achievements possible. The University contributes three telescopes to the global EHT array, managing the Sub-Millimeter Telescope (SMT) on Mount Graham in Arizona and the South Pole Telescope in Antarctica. The 12-meter telescope on Kitt Peak in Arizona, was added to the EHT array in 2019, but was not used to collect the data for these black hole images.
The Submillimeter Telescope, on Mount Graham in Arizona, is one of eight telescopes that were among the Event Horizon Telescope array during the 2017 observation run and one of the two in that array integrated by the University of Arizona.
David A. Harvey Photography
The South Pole Telescope is located at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station Antarctica, the most extreme location of the telescopes in the Event Horizon Telescope array.
Junhan Kim/University of Arizona
How the University of Arizona is involved:
- Five University of Arizona faculty members lead numerous aspect of the EHT collaboration. In all, 36 University of Arizona researchers, graduate students and undergraduate students are involved in EHT.
- The University of Arizona is responsible for integrating two of the eight telescopes that made up the EHT during the 2017 observation run.
- The Submillimeter Telescope (SMT) on Mount Graham, Arizona.
- The South Pole Telescope (SPT) at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica
- In 2019, a third telescope, the 12-meter telescope on Kitt Peak, in Arizona, was added to the array. It was not used to capture the two published black hole images but successfully participated in EHT observations in 2021 and 2022.
- University of Arizona researchers began working to crack the code of black holes for decades, starting with two papers in 2000 and 2001 that identified M87*, the first black hole ever imaged, and SgrA* as ideal targets of study.
- University of Arizona researchers have developed the tools to perform some of the most stringent tests of Einstein’s theory of general relativity using EHT images.
- The University of Arizona researchers continue to develop realistic simulations of the physical processes governing black holes, thought to be the universe's most extreme objects, as predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity. These are being used to process EHT observation data, to validate the expected results and to create scientifically accurate and visually stunning simulations of black hole environments.
News
UArizona Experts
Principal Investigator of Black Hole PIRE Project
EHT Project Scientist 2016-2019
Professor of Astronomy - University of Arizona
dpsaltis@arizona.edu
520-621-7859
Dimitrios Psaltis is Professor of Astronomy and Physics at the University of Arizona. His research group pioneered the development of tests of the theory of general relativity using the observational appearance of black holes and neutron stars. As a founding member of the Event Horizon Telescope, the international collaboration that has taken the first picture of a black hole, Psaltis served as Project Scientist from 2016-2019. He is the PI of the largest NSF award that supported the 2017 EHT observations and analyses, funded through the PIRE program. He is the current Chair of the Theoretical Astrophysics Program, an interdisciplinary effort that develops theoretical astrophysics research initiatives across Astronomy, Physics, and Planetary Sciences.
EHT Science Council Member
Co-Investigator of Black Hole PIRE Project
Professor of Astronomy and Physics - University of Arizona
Associate Dean for Research - College of Science
fozel@arizona.edu
520-621-7096
Feryal Özel is Professor of Astronomy and Physics at the University of Arizona. Özel develops theoretical and computational methods to study black holes and neutron stars and to build models of their extreme environments. She made the first predictions of the images of nearby supermassive black holes at different wavelengths, which guided the development of the Event Horizon Telescope and the interpretation of the results. As a founding EHT member, she has been serving on the EHT Science Council since 2016 and was lead of the Modeling Working Group. Özel is chair of NASA’s Next Generation Mission Concept Study for the Lynx X-ray Observatory and has served as chair of NASA’s Astrophysics Advisory Committee.
EHT Science Council Chair
Principal Investigator of the EHT Receiving System for the South Pole Telescope
Co-PI of the NSF MSIP Award funding US EHT operations
Co-Investigator of Black Hole PIRE Project
University of Arizona Professor of Astronomy
dmarrone@arizona.edu
520-621-5175
Dan Marrone is the chair of the EHT Science Council, Principal Investigator of the receiving system for the South Pole Telescope and a future EHT receiving system for the ARO Submillimeter Telescope, and Co-PI of the $10M NSF award funding US EHT operations through 2024. Marrone, a University of Arizona Professor of Astronomy, is responsible for building, installing and maintaining the EHT receiving and recording system at the South Pole Telescope. He is also responsible for testing and operating the EHT observing systems for the two Arizona telescopes: The Submillimeter Telescope on Mt. Graham and the 12-meter telescope on Kitt Peak. Marrone is an expert on the polarization and variability of the Galactic Center black hole.
EHT Lead of Computations and Software Working Group
Senior Investigator of Black Hole PIRE Project
University of Arizona Assistant Astronomer
University of Arizona Data Science Institute Fellow
chanc@arizona.edu
520-621-9532
Chi-kwan "CK" Chan is an associate astronomer at the University of Arizona. He is also a leader of EHT's theoretical modeling and interpretation efforts of Sagittarius A* and a key developer of its computational and data processing infrastructure. Chi-kwan has developed new algorithms to study turbulent plasma around black holes, spearheaded the use of graphics processing units to accelerate modeling of black hole images, built cloud computing infrastructures to handle big observational data, applied machine learning algorithms to speed up and automate data processing, and performed large scale theoretical modeling and studies of supermassive black holes. Chi-kwan serves as the Secretary of the EHT Science Council, a coordinator of the Software and Data Compatibility Working Group, and a Senior Investigator of Black Hole PIRE Project.
Operations Manager Event Horizon Telescope
Member of the EHTC Management Team
Project Manager BlackHoleCam
Research Professor and Astronomer - University of Arizona
Remo Tilanus is the Operations Manager of the Event Horizon Telescope and a founding member of the collaboration. Since 2013 he has been in charge of the technical and operational realization of the EHT and supervises its observations, including those that resulted in the first picture of a black hole. Tilanus has been involved with pioneering Very Long Baseline observations of black holes since 2006. He is a research professor and observational astronomer at the University of Arizona and operations manager of the Arizona Radio Observatory.
Member of the Event Horizon Telescope Institutional Board
University of Arizona Department Head of Astronomy and Director of the Steward Observatory
buelljannuzi@arizona.edu
520-621-6524
Buell Jannuzi is a member of the EHT Institutional Board and the UA Department Head of Astronomy and Director of Steward Observatory. His main scientific interests include the formation and evolution of individual, group and large-scale structures of galaxies and the determination of the physical processes that produce quasars and other active galactic nuclei. Jannuzi has been heavily involved with many major surveys of the universe, including the Hubble Space Telescope.
- Astronomers reveal first image of the black hole at the heart of our galaxy | UANews & EHT Collaboration
- Donuts everywhere | UANews
- Simulation library story | UANews
- Chasing Einstein's Shadow: UA Helps Capture First Image of a Black Hole | UANews
- $3M Breakthrough Prize Goes to Black Hole Hunters Including UA Astrophysicists | UANews
- 21 UA Students Contributed to Global Effort Resulting in First Black Hole Image | UANews
- Engineering Grad Student Helps Capture First Image of Black Hole | UANews
- Black Holes Come to the Big Screen | UANews
- UA Leads Project on Big Data and Black Holes | UANews
- Testing Einstein: UA Student Simulates Thousands of Black Holes | UANews
- The incredible story behind the first image of a black hole | Wired.co.uk
- The Very First Image Of A Black Hole | Science Friday
- Student simulates thousands of black holes | Phys.org
- UA faculty, students part of global team that releases first photo of black hole | Tucson.com
- University of Arizona College of Science: Feryal Özel | Tucson.com
- Black Hole Apocalypse | PBS
- UA Focused on Project to Get First Images of Black Holes | Arizona Public Media
- Animation Black Holes | Massive Science
- Telescope Array on Track to Image Black Hole "Shadows" | CBS News
- Worldwide Telescope Network Will Take Best-Ever Images of Black Holes | Space.com
- Scientists Plan to Capture Image of Black Hole's 'Point of No Return' | ABC News
- A Black Hole Looks Like What? | Vox.com
- Effort to Image Black Hole, a Chance to Rule on Einstein | Phys.org
- Black Hole, Antarctic Sea Temps No Problem for UA Computers | Tucson.com
- How to Hunt for a Black Hole With a Telescope the Size of Earth | Nature.com
EHT and Black Hole PIRE
To see the unseen, it takes a telescope as big as Earth. During an observation run in April 2017, the EHT collected 5,000 trillion bytes, or 5 peta bytes — enough to populate a music playlist of high-quality mp3 files to last 4,700 years of playtime — over the course of just four nights.
To help scientists analyze and synchronize the torrential amounts of data generated by the EHT, the National Science Foundation has awarded $6 million over five years under a PIRE grant (Partnerships for International Research and Education), with partnering institutions around the world providing an additional $3 million. Headquartered at the University of Arizona, PIRE is a project to develop new technologies that enable scientists to store, transfer and make sense of unprecedented amounts of data, such as those generated by the globe-spanning telescope.
Under UArizona leadership, the Black Hole PIRE team spearheads the development of computational resources specifically designed to unlock the groundbreaking scientific discoveries the EHT is expected to make over its lifetime. The Black Hole PIRE project is expected to spin off emerging technologies with applications ranging from self-driving cars and renewable energy production to augmented reality and national defense.
In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope array consisted of eight telescopes. The 2017 observation run resulted in the first black hole image of M87* at the heart of the Messier 87 galaxy and the first image of our own black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, Sagittarius A*.
Dan Marrone
