Genomics studies are helping to reveal how bacteria and archaea influence one of Earth’s largest carbon stores as it begins to thaw. Although there are other efforts to study the microbes that dwell in permafrost, this project, known as IsoGenie, is one of the largest and longest-running field studies of its kind. "We put together measurements in geochemistry and microbial ecology, two things that are in completely different areas, to find out something new," said Scott Saleska, an ecologist at the University of Arizona in Tucson and a co-founder of the project.